Quantity: Forced Labor System is now +25% Garrison Size instead of Development Cost. Economic: Finisher was changed to -20% Development Cost. Quality: Escort Ships is now +5% Ship Durability instead of 10% Naval Morale. Quality: Naval Drill is now +10% Naval Morale instead of 5% Morale Recovery Quality: Quality Education now gives +1 Army Tradition instead of 5% Morale Recovery. Burgundy now starts with +1 diplomatic relations instead of +5% cavalry combat ability. Added new modifiers to numerous ideas and policies. France lost diplomatic relations as tradition and instead gained diplomatic reputation. 'Grand Navy' is now +50% naval forcelimits (up from +25%) I'll start with posting the Ideas & Policies excerpt from the 1.12 changelog.
As promised, here is an overview of how ideas (both idea groups and national ideas) have changed in 1.12, and a listing of all the new ideas added.